This Briefing Paper highlights the principal events and developments which have heavily influenced current policy debates around the international humanitarian system.
The paper focuses on the design of a paravet system. It describes how an evaluation of the AHP led to plans to establish private veterinary pharmacies and encourage links between these pharmacies and paravets.
This review examines the appropriateness of current guidelines for different emergency contexts and proposes situation specific approaches to programme design and implementation
An overview chapter which discusses the political and institutional context of forestry policy is followed by four case studies which examine institutional constraints on forestry policy and woodland management in Mali, urban-rural conflict over wood fuel-use in Nigeria and the 'reality of the commons' in Somalia.
This paper provides evidence for shifts in the species composition of Somali livestock herds, and offers possible explanations for such changes.
Following a brief note on the background of the study and the setting, the paper first considers camel milk sales from pastoral households, then the organization of the abakaar milk trade to Mogadishu.
This paper describes the indigenous system of camel pastoralism used in Ceeldheer District of Central Somalia.
Traditional common property systems of managing bush land in Somalia were undermined when legal recognition of the clans was discontinued. The ensuing conflict over resources between urban charcoal traders and local agro-pastoralists was explored in this paper, which reported on a UK-funded forest inventory that quickly developed into a study of land tenure in an area where people depended on tree fodder to feed the livestock that were the mainstay of their livelihoods. Elders recalled the effective traditional systems of allocating grazing and tree-cutting rights within and among villages. Both villagers and project staff believed that re-establishing and supporting customary common property rights, which could control the activities of charcoal traders, would be the best means of sustaining food supply from a region of national agricultural importance.
The enclosure of rangelands and registration of exclusive rights in the grazing by individuals or groups of prastoralists has been increasing over the past two decades.
Forestry extension training was introduced in Somalia in the mid 1980s. This paper reproduced and discussed the teaching materials developed for the course. The role of a forestry extension worker was defined as finding out what people want from trees, discussing ways of getting these things and helping people to grow and manage their own trees. The curriculum included a number of practical exercises such as role plays to emphasise the importance of discussion rather than prescription. Students struggled with written notes but relished group discussions; future refinements to the curriculum should aim at simplification appropriate to extension workers employed in their own villages.
