This Working Paper forms part of ODI’s Bridging Research and Policy project which is seeking to learn more about linkages between development research, policy and practice and promote evidence-based international development policy. The project includes a literature review, the development of a framework paper and three case studies. This paper presents the results of a case study on livestock service reform in Kenya. This case study identifies the critical factors in the evolving livestock service policies in Kenya, and the relevance of evidence of their effectiveness.