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HPG Reports
HPG Report 26 • December 2007
Protective action: Incorporating civilian protection into humanitarian reponse
Sorcha O'Callaghan and Sara Pantuliano
This latest report discusses the reasons for and implications of the recent prominence of civilian protection activities in humanitarian action and analyses the increasing role of non-specialist humanitarian agencies in this sphere. Drawing on three case studies conducted in Darfur, Colombia and Uganda, its overall recommendation is that each humanitarian agency has a responsibility for incorporating a ‘core commitment' to protection within its operations.
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HPG Report 25 • May 2007
Remittances during crises: implications for humanitarian response
Kevin Savage and Paul Harvey (eds)
The report explores how affected people use
remittance income to survive and recover from
crises. It is based on a review of relevant
literature, as well as detailed case studies in
Haiti, Pakistan, Somaliland, Sudan, Indonesia
and Sri Lanka. The study concludes that, while
remittances should not be seen as a panacea or
substitute for humanitarian action, there is clear
potential for humanitarian actors to do more to
explore the complementarities between
emergency relief and people’s own efforts to
support friends and family in times of crisis.
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HPG Report 24 • February 2007
Cash-based responses in emergencies
Paul Harvey
This paper explores when the option of giving people money instead of, or as well as, in-kind assistance is feasible and appropriate. A strong body of evidence is starting to emerge to indicate that providing people with cash or vouchers works. It is possible to target and distribute cash safely, and people spend money sensibly on basic essentials and on rebuilding livelihoods. What is more, cash transfers can provide a stimulus to local economies, and in some contexts can be more cost-effective than commodity-based alternatives.
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HPG Discussion Paper • December
2006
The
'protection crisis': A review of field-based strategies
for humanitarian protection in Darfur
Sara
Pantuliano and Sorcha O'Callaghan
The Discussion Paper analyses the evolution of the Darfur conflict and its impact on the civilian population, as well as the measures civilians have taken in response to the different threats they face. The Paper explores the conceptual framework behind humanitarian protection, and discusses the response by the international community to civilian insecurity in Darfur . It concludes by looking at the politics of protection in humanitarian settings, and describes the dilemmas of leadership and coordination in Darfur .
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HPG Report 23 • September
2006
Providing
aid in insecure environments: trends in policy and operations
Abby
Stoddard, Adele Harmer and Katherine Haver
This
report presents findings from a two-year study examining
aid in insecure environments. Drawing on the most comprehensive
global dataset to date of major reported incidents of violence
against aid workers from 1997 to 2005, it provides a quantitative
analysis of the changing security environment for civilian
aid operations. It then examines the related trends in policy
and operations over the last decade, in particular how perceptions
of increased risk to aid operations have affected the development
of security measures. Lastly, it explores the way in which
aid operations have adapted to working in highly insecure
contexts through a growing reliance on national staff.
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HPG Report 22 • April 2006
Agricultural rehabilitation: Mapping
the linkages between humanitarian relief, social protection
and development
Catherine
Longley, Ian Christopolos and Tom Slaymaker
This HPG research addresses the question of how to support
the livelihoods of rural people who have been affected by
conflict. Specifically, it focuses on how international
actors might move beyond conventional seeds and tools interventions
to address vulnerability and support the agricultural component
of rural livelihoods in countries emerging from conflict.
It examines, both conceptually and practically, how agricultural
rehabilitation can contribute to linking humanitarian assistance,
social protection and longer-term development through the
provision of effective support in ways that are consistent
with core humanitarian principles as well as with livelihoods
and rights-based approaches. The paper is based on lessons
from Afghanistan and Sierra Leone, and draws its analysis
from livelihoods work and social protection.
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HPG Report 21 • March 2006
Resetting the rules of engagement: Trends and issues in military–humanitarian
relations
Victoria
Wheeler and Adele Harmer
While humanitarians and military actors have long shared operational
environments, increasing support for military involvement
in assistance and protection strategies is challenging the
capacities and security approaches of the humanitarian system
in new ways. These changes pose important questions for both
humanitarian and military communities, including how to maintain
the integrity of humanitarian principles in combined political,
military and humanitarian efforts; how to design and resource
military roles in protecting civilians from violent harm;
how to manage the impact of, and hold to account, the private
security industry in crisis response, and how to manage the
security of aid operations generally. HPG’s latest Monitoring
Trends report, the fourth in HPG’s annual series, reviews
these trends, and makes recommendations to the humanitarian
and defence sectors to progress issues of mutual concern to
both communities.
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HPG Report 20 • September 2005
Diversity
in donorship: the changing landscape of official humanitarian
aid
Adele
Harmer and Lin Cotterrell
This research analyses the increasingly important role
of a growing number of donor governments, particularly in
Asia, the Gulf States and central Europe, engaged in the response
to humanitarian crises. It suggests that the growth in the
number and diversity of official donors presents the humanitarian
community with important opportunities for dialogue, lesson-sharing
and resource mobilisation. However, it also presents important
challenges to the way in which the international humanitarian
system is financed, managed and coordinated. Click here for
more information.
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HPG Report 19 • July 2005
Dependency and humanitarian
relief: a critical analysis
Paul Harvey and Jeremy Lind
In many emergency contexts, aid agencies
hesitate to provide aid for extended periods because of
fears that doing so may create ‘dependency’.
These concerns can influence decisions about levels of assistance,
and what type of assistance people receive, where and when.
Relief should not be withheld without solid evidence that
the needs which prompted it in the first place have been
met. This argues for caution about how the label ‘dependency’ is
applied, and how it is used to justify reductions in relief.
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HPG Report 18 • July 2004
Beyond the continuum: the changing role
of aid policy in protracted crises
Adele Harmer and Joanna Macrae (eds)
This report, the third in HPG’s annual series looking
at trends in the international humanitarian system, focuses
on the increasing engagement of the international development
aid system in situations which have traditionally been seen
as the preserve of the humanitarian community.
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HPG Report 17• June 2004
Measuring the impact of humanitarian aid
Charles-Antoine Hofmann
This report is concerned with how the impact of humanitarian
aid can be measured, why this is increasingly being demanded
and whether it is possible to do it better.
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HPG Report 16 • April 2004
HIV/AIDS and humanitarian action
Paul Harvey
This report examines the role of humanitarian relief in the
context of the AIDS epidemic.
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HPG Report 15 • September 2003
According to Need? Needs Assessment and Decision-Making
in the Humanitarian Sector
James Darcy and Charles-Antoine Hofmann
This report documents the findings of a year-long study into
the link between needs assessment and decision-making in the
humanitarian sector.
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HPG Report 14 • July 2003
Humanitarian Action and the 'Global War on Terror':
A Review of Trends and Issues
Edited by Joanna Macrae and Adele Harmer
This report looks at the implications for humanitarian action
of the sea-change in geopolitics that has followed the attacks
of 11 September and the start of the so-called 'war on terror'.
Individual chapters assess the impact on international law,
the implications for humanitarian NGOs, humanitarianism and
Islam and Afghanistan and the 'war on terror'.
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HPG Report 13 • February 2003
Power, Livelihoods and Conflict: Case Studies
in Political Economy Analysis for Humanitarian Action
Edited by Sarah Collinson
This report looks at the application of political economy
analysis to humanitarian programming in complex environments.
The study, conducted in 2001 and 2002, looked at four cases:
Afghanistan, the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, Sierra
Leone and the Casamance in Senegal.
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HPG Report 12 • December 2002
Uncertain Power: The Changing Role of Official
Donors in Humanitarian Action
Joanna Macrae, Sarah Collinson, Margie Buchanan-Smith, Nicola
Reindorp, Anna Schmidt, Tasneem Mowjee and Adele Harmer
This report documents the findings
of a study on the changing role of donor governments in the
management of humanitarian assistance. It describes the changes
that have been subsumed under the label of 'bilateralism';
identifies the implications; and proposes an agenda for 'good
donorship'.
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HPG Report 11 • April 2002
The New Humanitarianisms: A Review of Trends
in Global Humanitarian Action
Edited by Joanna Macrae This edited report looks at key
aspects of change shaping the international humanitarian
system, with particular reference to financing patterns;
developments in the UN; and trends in humanitarian policy
in the US and the European Union.
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HPG Report 10 • April 2001
Politics and Humanitarian Aid: Debates, Dilemmas
and Dissension
Devon Curtis
This report highlights the key themes discussed and debated
at a one-day conference examining new dimensions in the
relationship between humanitarian aid and politics, held
in London on 1 February 2001. The conference was organised
jointly by ODI, CAFOD and POLIS at the University of Leeds.
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HPG Report 9 • March 2001
Mainstreaming the Organisational Management of Safety and
Security
Koenraad Van Brabant
This report offers a comparative overview of recent aid agency
attempts to strengthen the management of safety and security.
It is based on consultation with 20 organisations, including
NGOs, the Red Cross Movement and UN agencies.
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HPG Report 8 • August 2000
Shifting Sands: The Search for Coherence Between Political
and Humanitarian Action
Joanna Macrae and Nicholas Leader
This report examines the origins and evolution of the concept
of policy coherence and its implications in practice. It is
particularly concerned to understand the precise character
of the new relationship proposed between aid and foreign policy
in the post-Cold War era.
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HPG Report 7 • August 2000
Solidarity and Soup Kitchens: A Review of Principles and
Practice for Food Distribution in Conflict
Susanne Jaspars with Nicholas Leader
In financial terms, food assistance represents the most important
response of the international community to emergencies. This
report reviews current principles and practice for food distribution
in conflict. The objective is to assist humanitarian agencies
in developing a more principled approach to food distribution.
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HPG Report 6 • July 2000
Terms of Engagement: Conditions and Conditionality
in Humanitarian Action
Edited by Nicholas Leader and Joanna Macrae
This report covers a conference organised by the ODI and the
Henry Dunant Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue in Geneva in
May 2000 to discuss different views on the 'terms of engagement'
between humanitarian and political actors. It provides an
overview of the debates, and indicates areas of consensus,
and of disagreement.
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HPG Report 5 • March 2000
The Principles of Humanitarian Action in International
Humanitarian Law (HPG Report 5)
Study 4 in The Politics of Principles: the principles of
humanitarian action in practice
Kate Mackintosh
This paper is concerned with the principles of humanitarian
action. It examines the efforts by international organisations
to operationalise codes of conduct. Based on case studies
in Sudan and Liberia, it assesses whether the legal content
of these terms can determine the legitimacy of human-rights
'conditionality'; and asks whether international law requires
that humanitarian assistance be given with the consent of
the relevant parties to the conflicts in question.
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HPG Report 4 • March 2000
The Agreement on Ground Rules in South Sudan
Study 3 in The Politics of Principles: the Principles
of Humanitarian Action in Practice
Mark Bradbury, Nicholas Leader and Kate Mackintosh
This report offers an independent analysis of the 'Ground
Rules' agreed between the UN's Operation Lifeline Sudan and
SPLM/A leader John Garang in July 1995. It argues that the
influence of the Ground Rules is evident in five areas: in
the regulation and coordination of the humanitarian programme
in southern Sudan; in the system of security; in the management
of assistance; in protection activities; and in capacity-building
and good governance.
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HPG Report 3 • March 2000
The Joint Policy of Operation and the Principles
and Protocols of Humanitarian Action in Liberia
Study 2 in The Politics of Principles: the Principles of
Humanitarian Action in Practice
Philippa Atkinson and Nicholas Leader
The humanitarian community's development of operating principles
in Liberia from mid-1995 took place amid extreme disrespect
for the rights of the civilian population, and under extremely
difficult working conditions. This paper analyses two mechanisms
- the Joint Policy of Operations and the Principles and Protocols
of Humanitarian Operation - in relation to their impact on
the humanitarian agencies in Liberia.
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HPG Report 2 • March 2000
The Politics of Principle: The Principles of
Humanitarian Action in Practice
Nicholas Leader
This report synthesises some of the key findings of ODI's
study of humanitarian principles. It analyses their evolution,
the nature of conflict and the international system's response
to it.
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HPG Report 1 • March 2000
The Political Economy of War: An Annotated Bibliography
Philippe Le Billon
This bibliography is intended to be a guide to the expanding
literature on the political economy of war. It is directed
particularly at humanitarian agencies. An accompanying publication
entitled The Political Economy of War: What Relief Agencies
Need to Know is available free from the Humanitarian
Practice Network website.
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