Technology Development and Field Testing: Access to credit to allow smallholder dairy farmers in central Kenya to reallocate concentrates during lactation

From the Summary
A field trial with smallholder dairy farmers in central Kenya was carried out to study the feasibility of reallocating concentrates as a means of increasing the profitability of milk production. Researchers designed the trial with extension officers, dairy cooperatives and feed company staff to ensure that all stakeholders and key players were involved. Central to the design was the provision of feed on credit from the dairy cooperative to its members, the volunteer farmers, involved in the study. The role of the research team was to present the technology to the farmers and monitor the implementation and impact. Farmers were not constrained in the way they chose to implement the recommendations, but the research team monitored any modifications as well as recording production parameters and characteristics of the farm and feed management systems likely to explain underlying variation.

The recommendation was to feed 8 kg/day in early lactation, withdrawing concentrates completely after 12 weeks so that during the course of lactation the amount fed would be equivalent to the most frequent farmer practice, a flat rate of 2 kg/day. Actual quantities offered by most farmers were reported to be higher than in previous lactations, but varied from 2 kg/day to 10 kg/day. Although some decreased, the amount offered between eight and 12 weeks post lactation mostly continued with the higher levels until a drop in milk yield was observed. Milk production increased as a result of the intervention with a large part of the variation in milk yield reflecting the amount of concentrate offered. Month of calving and sampling also influenced the production response.

For many smallholder dairy farmers one of the key constraints to making technological changes expected to improve production is the lack of credit to allow them to make investments. The results from this study show that farmers were able to increase their milk yield as a result of the intervention, and that, as expected, the response depended on the level of concentrate offered.